These types of devices have a lower cost and higher reliability at the expense of lower performance under certain vibration variations. They are flexible and can be tuned in design or during assembly, but not during operation. On the other hand, passive devices are designed and manufactured to respond in a certain manner against vibration without the need of active feedback and control.
However, they require control systems, electric power systems, and sensors that increase the total complexity, price, and energy consumption while decreasing the reliability of the device. Those devices present an outstanding customized performance. Active devices are those devices that measure vibrations in real time and react accordingly under an active control system decision. In this paper, two different types of electromagnetic damping devices can be found: active and passive. Nevertheless, there are still critical issues to be solved like design optimization, performance, cost, device ageing, reduction of external electromagnetic interferences, or frequency tuning. As they provide damping through contactless magnetic forces, most friction and wear issues of conventional dampers also disappear, increasing their reliability. Thus, they can be applied in clean, harsh, and/or extreme temperature environments such as space, aerospace, electric vehicles, or microfabrication industries.
Moreover, electromagnetic damping and isolation can be clean and environmentally friendly since there is no need of using fluids (except in magnetorheological dampers). Performance of new magnetic materials in combination with optimization tools allows the development of efficient and tuneable vibration damping and/or isolation techniques. Therefore, it is essential to damp the vibrations for overall performance and durability of machines and mechanisms. Vibrations generate significant problems and issues in mechanical systems such as fatigue, fracture, and energy loss. In addition, a general introductory section relates presents key considerations that any engineer, electrical or mechanical, needs to know for a deep comprehension and correct design of these types of devices. In this work, a state-of-the-art review has been done highlighting advantages and drawbacks, application fields, and technology readiness level of most recent developments. These types of devices present good damping capacity, lower cost, null power consumption, and higher reliability. Passive electromagnetic devices for vibration damping and isolation are becoming a real alternative to traditional mechanical vibration and isolation methods.
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